![]() The experimental results suggest that the increase on effective dynamic viscosity of nanofluids is related to the graphite nanoparticle aggregation in the fluids. The increasing intensity of the D peak indicates the nanoparticle aggregation growing with the higher concentration and the longer holding time of the nanofluids. The Raman spectra are extended to characterize the D and G peaks of the graphite structure in the nanofluids. The large and irregular aggregation of the particles is found in the 3-day fluids in the drying samples. A transmission electron microscope is applied to reveal the morphology of aggregated nanoparticles qualitatively. The maximum enhancement of the effective dynamic viscosity at infinite rate of shear is more than 24 times in the nanofluids held for 3 days with the volume concentration of 4% in comparison with the base fluid. ![]() It is found that increases of the particle volume concentration and the holding time period of the nanofluids result in an enhancement of the effective dynamic viscosity. On the basis of the best fitting of the experimental data, the viscosity at zero shear rate or at infinite shear rate is determined for each of the fluids. The shear thinning non-Newtonian behavior is observed in the measurement. Elevating the temperature of 1.25% NaOCl to 60☌ significantly reduces the viscosity of the NaOCl.Ĭhlorhexidine gluconate concentration dynamic viscosity ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid irrigation sodium hypochlorite temperature.The effective dynamic viscosity was measured in the graphite water-based nanofluids. Amongst the tested NaOCl groups, 5.25% NaOCl at room temperature was significantly the most viscous (μ =1.5300 Cps) while 1.25% NaOCl at 60☌ was significantly the least viscous (μ =1.1800 Cps).ĥ.25% NaOCl and 17% EDTA are significantly viscous at room temperature. Viscosity statistically increased with NaOCl concentration and decreased with increasing temperature. ![]() The tests used for the statistical analysis were Kolmogorov-Smirnov and Shapiro Wilk tests, one-way ANOVA, and independent sample t-test. The measurements were performed using a circulating water bath calibrated with a thermostat, and the dynamic viscosity measurements were noted in Centipoise (Cps). ![]() The influence of temperature (45☌, 60☌) and concentration (5.25%, 2.6%, and 1.25%) on the dynamic viscosity of NaOCl was also evaluated. The aim of this study was to assess the influence of temperature and concentration on the dynamic viscosity of sodium hypochlorite in comparison with 17% EDTA and 2% chlorhexidine gluconate.ĭynamic viscosity measurements of sodium hypochlorite, EDTA (17%), and chlorhexidine gluconate were measured using a rotational digital viscometer at room temperature (25☌). ![]()
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